Ability to Protect Skin Body

Ability to Protect Skin Body, The skin is relatively impenetrable water, in the sense that that avoids the loss of fluid from the tissues and also prevented the entry of water into the tissues, such as when the body submerged in water. Epidermis (the epidermis) preclude injury to the structure beneath it and therefore covers the ends of the end of sensory nerves in the skin hides (dermis) then kulti reduce pain.
Ability to Protect Skin Body, The burn is an injury to the body tissues due to denaturation of tissue proteins or chemicals (acids, bases). Burns can occur on the skin, mucous membranes, respiratory and digestive tract. Symptoms include pain, swelling red, blistered due to increased vascular permeability. But severe burns can be life threatening because of the following:

a. hypovolemic shock
Decreased blood volume due to increased vascular permeability, water, protein, and minerals will come out to where the burn and the body will dehydrate. Hypovolemic shock can also result in anuri (urine production stopped).
b. infection
Occurs when the epidermis in burns peeling. Dead tissue and wet atmosphere is ideal for breeding bacteria, so the infection is often difficult to treat burns.
c. respiratory disorders
Occurs when smoke or heat toxins inhaled lung, or there is damage to the respiratory tract resulting in failure of the respiratory system function.

How to Improve Children's Mental Intelligence

How to Improve Children's Mental Intelligence, Aiming to stimulate mental child to become brave and confident, Growth and development of children not only supported from the intake of nutritious food, but also of emotional and mental growth. For that, they need stimulation in order to grow the various mental abilities baby.

How to Improve Children's Mental Intelligence, "It's getting a lot of mothers are aware that children's development not only of the intellectual side, but also of emotions. Various stimulation can be provided from an early age so that children can adapt and adjust to environmental demands.

There are many ways to develop the talents of children. From providing games that train the dexterity to engage children in child talent contest. Talent competitions is suppose to stimulate the child's mental development.

In addition to hone talents, competition can lead children to explore yourself and the environment, so that he soon grew into a child who is confident and courageous.

At the age of two years and over, the child will begin to interact with the environment outside the family and further explore himself. No wonder the kids at that age will often ask about what's happening in the outside world. "It must be used by parents to give positive values. Like, find out in book reading, or a race so they can interact with their peers,".

In addition to providing a means for children to express themselves, the race can also be a good means of getting closer to parents and children. Parents will understand their talents and emotions of children by looking at their courage to perform in public.

Pharynx

Pharynx, Pharynx (larynx) is located behind the nose, mouth and throat. Pharynx in the form of a cone-shaped channels of muscular membrane material with the widest part on the top and runs from the base of the throat up to the height of the sixth cervical vertebra, which is the height of cricoid cartilage, where the pharynx continuous with the esophagus.

Pharynx, Pharynx length about 7 cm. Pharynx at the top of the section, namely:
1. Naso pharynx, behind the nose. on the wall in this area there are holes
eustakius channel. Adenoid glands terdapt the naso pharynx.
2. Pharynx oralis, located behind the mouth. Both tonsils on the lateral
wall of the pharynx is.

3. Laryngeal pharynx, is the lowest part located in the larynx. In the pharynx there are 7 holes, two of the channels eustakius, 2 parts posterior nostril is behind the nasal cavity, mouth, larynx and Esophageal.

Prevention of protein-energy malnutrition

Prevention of protein-energy malnutrition, Protein-energy malnutrition is caused by multifactorial interrelated synergistic clinical and environmental or community. prevention include all factors simultaneously and consistently. Although the lack of protein energy can not be fully eradicated, without having to wait,

can be immediately implemented several measures to address the situation:

Prevention of protein-energy malnutrition, 1. Controlling infectious diseases, especially diarrheal:
(a) Sanitation: personal, especially food and environmental equipment.
(b) Education: Elementary, Health and Nutrition
(c) Immunization Program
(d) Prevention of diseases closely with the environment include: tuberculosis,
mosquitoes (malaria, DHF), parasites (worms).

2) Minimize the impact of infectious diseases, especially diarrhea in the region
a sanitary environment has not been good. Diarrhea is a disease
endemo-epidemic that became one of the causes of malnutrition. Initial dehydration and re-feeding as soon as possible is the prevention for avoid infant malnutrition or protein-energy malnutrition.

3) Early detection and management of protein-energy malnutrition early or mild:
(a) Monitor the growth and development and nutritional status of children continuously.
For example with benchmarks KMS.
(b) Special attention to the factors "high risk" of influence
continuity of nutritional status (among other things: poverty, ignorance, the
infectious diseases).

4) Maintain the child's nutritional status
(a) Starting in the womb, pregnant women with good nutrition, which
expected to be having a baby with a good nutritional status as well.
(b) immediately after birth were given breast milk exclusively until the age of 4 or 6 the month.
(c) The provision of supplementary food nutritious breast milk, ranging in age from 4 or 6 months gradually until the child can receive a complete menu of the family.
(d) Extend the duration of breastfeeding (lactation prologue) for mothers and babies
willed.

Joint range of motion

Joint range of motion, We distinguish the various joint motion, namely: bullet joints, joints hinge, swivel joints, sliding joints, and saddle joints.

Joint range of motion, a. Bullet joints, ie joints that allow movement to
all direction (free movement). Both ends of the hump-shaped and hollow. One end of the bone-shaped bent and fit into the grooves the other end of the bone. This form allows freer movement in the form of pivot joints other three. For example:
the relationship between bones thigh with pelvic girdle, upper arm bone with the shoulder joint.

b. Hinge joints, ie joints that allow movement to occur one direction only (compare with the door hinges). For example: joints on elbow, knee joints and the joints in the fingers and toes. c. Swivel joints, ie joints one bone moves.

Pulmonary tuberculosis

Pulmonary tuberculosis, Is an infection of the lung tissue by bacteria Mycrobacterium tuberculosa. These bacteria are transmitted together with the air of inspiration, then damage lung tissue so that the lungs become hollow and formed connective tissue of the lungs.

Pulmonary tuberculosis, Nutrients are poor, old age, living in residence together,low socioeconomic, are all factors that facilitate outbreak of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Symptoms dramatically decreased body weight, body weakness, cough with phlegm sometimes bloody, shortness of breath, chest pain, and sweats at night the day.

Lung Cancer

Lung Cancer, Derived from bronchial epithelial cells. Breathing air pollution is very contribute to the occurrence of this disease. Cancer-causing pollutants The most common is cigarette smoke, fumes or dust associated with work such as asbestos, chromium, nickel, poison gas, ether, and coal smoke.

Lung Cancer, The possibility of lung cancer in smokers is 20 times more high compared with nonsmokers.In lung cancer, cells spread on the surface of the bronchus and metastasized to other body parts.

Symptoms of chronic cough with bloody sputum,breath sounds are often due to obstruction and infection of the lungs. Too often the presence of fluid in the pleural cavity and metastases to the brain,liver and bone.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis, Is actually a type of artristis (rheumatoid arthritis) is often found, either in Indonesia or abroad. Patients suffering from this disease usually complain of joint pain, when the knee is sore knee.

Osteoarthritis, Pain is increased when conducting activities that involve the knee, or using the knee to support body weight. However, the pain will decrease in a resting state. In addition, patients may feel stiff and sore joints, joint injuries long rested. When pressed, the affected knee pain. The affected joint will be free movement.

Cause osteoartristis until now unknown, although genetic factors play a role and estimated biomechanical stress. Treatment of osteoarthritis is aimed to reduce pain, maintain mobility, and prevent dysfunction. Before using drugs for osteoartristis, note the efforts that are nonformakologis therapy.
1. Counseling about the disease osteoarthritis.
a. Social support, for example via the telephone hotline.
b. Weight loss.
2. Physical Therapy
a. Widespread practice of motion.
b. Exercise muscle amplifier.
c. Assistive devices for ambulation such as sticks.
d. Use of appropriate footwear.
e. Occupational therapy
f. Joint protection.

So, actually quite a lot of effort that can be done to reduce the symptoms of osteoarthritis before using the drug. Medical rehabilitation services can help you through this Nonpharmacologic effort. So, actually quite a lot of effort that can be done to reduce the symptoms of osteoarthritis before using the drug. Medical rehabilitation services can help you through this Nonpharmacologic effort.
Weight loss will reduce the burden of knee sustain the body, thereby reducing symptoms. Therefore, your efforts to reduce the symptoms of osteoarthritis, but also beneficial in improving overall health.

Use of medication usually takes a long time. Therefore, people are encouraged to understand the drug should be used properly. Knowing the benefits and workings of the drug, also side effects that may arise.

Keep also in mind, especially for patients who are elderly, some medications used for osteoarthritis can cause gastrointestinal (GI) light or heavy. One of the complications that need to be considered is the presence of gastrointestinal bleeding due to the use of this drug osteoarthritis.

The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding caused by osteoarthritis drug use increased in people aged over 65 years of existence of comorbidities, history of peptic ulcer, history of gastrointestinal bleeding, and the use of anticoagulants (drugs to prevent blood clotting).

Drugs used to osteoartitis divided into analgesics (pain relievers) is simple, nonstroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), opioid therapy, and medications that are used by way of joint injections. Simple analgesic drug that is usually used is acetaminophen. In using NSAID drugs should be considered also the possibility of peptic ulcer and renal dysfunction.

The drug is administered by injecting the joints are usually groups or hiluronan glucocorticoids. These drugs can relieve pain and can be considered its use in patients who no symptoms disappeared with oral medication. In addition, these drugs can also be used by people who can not use oral medications because the risk of gastrointestinal disorders.

While this is being researched benefits of acupuncture in osteoarthritis. These drugs can not only eliminate the symptoms of osteoarthritis, but may also prevent structural damage to the joints.

Surgical therapy may be considered in patients with severe osteoarthritis who do not successfully treated with medical attention. Sports pool is a good sport and can be continued throughout arthritis have been overcome. For that, consult with your doctor.

Gas Journey Through the Body

Gas Journey Through the Body, Gas circulates throughout the body via the bloodstream which also carries the red blood cells. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein composed of four chains of amino acids. Are each associated with different heme group, with an iron atom that is able to bind a molecule O2.

Gas Journey Through the Body, This bond is a reversible reaction (back and forth), so that the heme group can be separated again from the oxygen.Minor circulation of blood flowing into the right lung and entered the pulmonary artery flow to left lung in vulmonal vein, the heart circulates blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs pick up oxygen. Red blood cells circulate oxygen duty. Shaped like a disc with two convex surfaces and in it there is hemoglobin.

The circulation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the creature is as follows: CO2 released into the bloodstream cells, particularly into the vein through the arteries pulomonal. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. CO2 is released into the alveoli and of alveolar O2 is released into the pulmonary capillaries, and then bound by the hemoglobin of red blood cells. Oxygenated blood from the lungs by the pulmonary venous received and sent back to the heart. Arriving at the heart, blood is pumped into the aorta and dilairkan to all body tissues to deliver oxygen contained in hemoglobin.

Respiratory system disorders and diseases

Respiratory system disorders and diseases, Infections of the respiratory tract is much more common than infections in other organ systems, and range from regular salesma with symptoms and disorders are relatively mild to severe pneumonia.

Respiratory system disorders and diseases, Various types of infection by germs can attack the respiratory equipment, ranging from the nose to the lungs. Nasal infection caused by influenza viruses with symptoms of nasal congestion or the amount of mucus; swelling of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity can cause a blockage. If the infection extends to back ofthe nasopharynx until it can sometimes clogs the Eustachius estuary channel associated with the middle ear cavity. Have you ever had a cold sore is accompanied by interference and noise "Grebeg-Grebeg"? This means that you suffer inflammation of the nose extending to the nasopharynx and invade the base of the larynx or throat. The main symptoms are sore throat, especially on swallowing, coughing and can interfere with the vocal cords vibrate, so change the sound became hoarse.

If the attacks of bronchial infection, the diseases suffered is called bronchitis. This disease may provide symptoms of coughing accompanied by mucus .Moderate infection that attacks the lungs often caused by bacteria cocci and tuberculosis. Inflammation-pneumonia called pnemoni. Because many alveoli filled by mucus, then the patient often complains of shortness of breath. Lack of oxygen can cause the color blue in the face of the patient pnemoni childhood.

Respiratory System Disorders Asthma Disease

Respiratory System Disorders Asthma Disease, Asthma is a disease that attacks the bronchial smooth branches that have been does not have skeletons of cartilage rings, resulting in The sudden narrowing.

Respiratory System Disorders Asthma Disease, As a result people with shortness of breath, so to aid breathingthroughout the respiratory muscles function optimally. Causes of asthmais allergic or sensitive to a variety of materials such as beads juice flowers, cat dander, mold spores and so on.

At the time of asthma attack, often accompanied by the sound expression :
"ngiik, ngiiik" long, because the air is exhaled out through thea very narrow pipe. Compare if you blow the flute. with the sound is, in the area called Java asthma wheezing illness.

Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System, One characteristic of being "human" is the transportation and transportation systems contained in the body, the intent to distribute the materials required by the body and remove material that is not needed anymore.

Cardiovascular System, The food digestion process results are transported by the blood from the intestines into the body's tissues. Besides, the blood transports substances that are not needed anymore by the body. Hemoglobin (Hb) carries oxygen (O2) into the tissue cells and conversely raise the oxygen of the finger
with the cells.

Blood also still have other functions, which keep the osmosis between blood and tissue cells remained normal, keep the acid-base balance in the blood remains, regulate body temperature, and as a means "land" to attack or onslaught of disease.
Blood is the main transporter in our body. Human blood is red, but color is not fixed. Sometimes the color is dark red or pink, it depends on the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

In general, the function of blood:
a. Transporting the food from the intestines to the network. Working as the transport system of the body and deliver chemicals, oxygen and nutrients needed to function normally can run and throw Carbondioksida and waste product.
b. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) to deliver oxygen (O2) from the lungs to the tissues and karbodioksida (CO2) from the tissues to the lungs.
c. White blood cells (leucocytes) provides plenty of protective material and because the movement of some cells fagosistosis it protects the body against bacterial attack.
d. Blood fluids (blood plasma) separates proteins needed for tissue formation, spreading through the tissue fluid because the fluid is all body cells receive the food. And a vehicle to transport the waste material to the various organs of expenditures for disposal.
F. Regulate acid-base balance of blood to avoid tissue damage due to the compound buffer (buffer) in the form of hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, bicarbonate, phosphate and plasma proteins.
Proteins in blood plasma consists of:
1) Antiheolik, useful to prevent anemia
2) thromboplastin, is useful in the process of blood clotting
3) prothrombin, has an important role in blood clotting.
4) Fibrinogen, has an important role in blood clotting.
5) Albumin, useful in the maintenance of blood osmotic pressure.
6) gammaglobulin antibodies useful in the compound.
g) Transporting the metabolism of the tissues to the tools of expenditure.
h) Transporting heat energy from the active to the inactive to maintain body temperature.
j) hormones circulate throughout the body of the gland hormones.
k) distribute the enzymes throughout the body.
l) against infection with antibodies and leucocytes.

White Blood Cells (leukocytes)

White Blood Cells (leukocytes), White blood cells (leucocytes) color nodes, larger ones if compared with red blood cells (erythrocytes), but there are more a little. These cells contain a nucleus is split in many and protoplasmanya grain, because it's called a bulleted cells (granulocytes).

White Blood Cells (leukocytes), Topenia granulosi deficiency called granulocytes. What is the function of white blood cells? Granulocytes and monocytes have important role body protection against germs. with ability as phagocytes (fago means I eat), they eat live bacteria that enter the blood circulation. at the time perform this function, they are called phagocytes. With the power of movement amuboidnya he can move freely in and get out vessels blood and walked around the entire body.

In this way he can:
a) the surrounding areas affected by the infection
b) Capturing live germs memborbardirnya
c) Getting rid of other materials such as dirt.

Granulocytes also have enzymes that break down proteins, which possible damage to living tissues, destroy and discard it. In this way the sick or injured tissue can be removed and healing is possible. As a result of work of the phagocytic blood cells white, inflammation can be stopped at all. If the activity is not managed properly, it can form pus. Pus contains the "corpse" from germs. Phagocytes are killed in the fight against germs that burst, called pus cells.

Circulation of Lymph Nodes

Circulation of Lymph Nodes, Lymph vessels called lymph vessels. These vessels starting from the networks that collect lymph fluid from the cells and tissues. All the lymphatic drainage from the head, neck, chest, lungs, heart, and right arm were collected in vessels of the spleen and united into the right lymphatic vessels or lymph ducts dekster. These lymph vessels empty into the veins below the right clavicle

Circulation of Lymph Nodes, All the lymph fluid collected from other parts of the lymph vessels (spleen) and united into lymph vessels or ducts toradiskus chest and empties into the veins (venous) under the left collarbone. The chest is the place empties spleen vessels or vessels kil fat, namely that collect fatty acids are absorbed from the intestine. Because of this fat, then the white lymphatic drainage. Spleen channel system is closely related to the circulatory system. The blood leaving the heart through the arteries (arterial) and returned through the veins (venous).

The composition of the spleen is similar to plasma but with a smaller protein content. Lymph glands adds lymphocytes in lymph vessels, making it a very large number of cells in the spleen channel. In the lymph vessels there are no other cells. Lymph vessels in the channel is driven by the contraction of muscles surrounding the spleen and in some channels which were aided by the movement of the valve..

Prevent Blindness with Stem Cell

Prevent Blindness with Stem Cell, A major breakthrough in the medical world will take place at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, England, later this year. Namely, treatment trials with the help of visual impairment aka stem cell stem cells.

Prevent Blindness with Stem Cell, That's after last Thursday 22 September, Advanced Cell Technology, a biotechnology company from the United States who have long applied for the trial using these methods, admitted that he had given the green light. As reported by the Daily Mail yesterday, permission was granted a medical regulatory authority in the UK.

There will be 12 patients in their teens to 20s who have agreed to follow the trial. Their identity is kept secret. To be sure, the 12 people it is people with Stargardt disease, a disease that causes decreased vision loss in one's teens.

They will be operated alternately. The first patient to be operated on later this year, Advanced Cell Technology said in their official release, as quoted by the Daily Mail.

In short, the operation was done by injecting millions of embryonic stem cell that has been converted into retinal cells into the back of the eye. Operations per patient expected to last for one hour.

The main focus is on testing the safety factor, not effectiveness. However, if the trial, subsequent trials will be conducted on animals showing phenomenal results, we can be sure the lives of millions of people will be very helpful.

Therefore, any small improvement in terms of vision, will lead to someone who is experiencing vision problems can perform simple activities of daily. For example, reading.

Especially for the 12 patients who underwent trials, the Advanced Cell Technology refused to explain how likely the operation will succeed. Because, all of them already in the acute stage.

In fact, the goal of treatment through stem cells is later is to help those who are new in the early stages of visual impairment. Namely, to prevent them from experiencing total blindness.

Such treatment will also projected to help those who are blind because of diabetes. Or, the elderly residents who began to lose vision due to aging. For the latter, estimated operation can be done next year.

"If we managed to slow the loss of vision alone, it already includes tremendous progress," said James Bainbridge that this trial will lead to the Daily Mail.

Support also came from Oxford University expert eye surgery Robert McLaren. "Stem cells do have great potential to cure blindness," he said.

However, as is generally the treatment using stem cells, there is always a controversy that accompanies. "It is unacceptable for human embryos are destroyed for the sake of healing a disease," said Josephine Quintavalle, of pro-life activists from Comment on Reproductive.

10 KINDS Hereditary Diseases

10 KINDS Hereditary Diseases, The phrase we often hear when commenting on a person's behavior or trait. That is, it was his destiny. Was it destiny if viewed from science? Clearly, there are hereditary factors that could be one's destiny to experience a similar thing with his parents.

10 KINDS Hereditary Diseases, Here there are 10 conditions in humans are being "destiny" descent.

1. Alcoholism
Children with alcoholics become alcoholics are not targeted as well. But recent studies reveal that about 50 percent of children of alcoholics at risk of suffering a similar fate with his parents. $ 50

percent more will be determined by the environment. This caused a number of genes in the parents down to children, a type of gene dependency.

2. Breast Cancer
The cause is still a mystery, but scientists have found that a number of gene mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the trigger. Women who inherit mutations of this gene will develop breast cancer. While the boy would run the risk of prostate cancer.

3. Color-blind
A total of 10 million U.S. men can not distinguish red and green. Impaired vision affects more this is The Adam. Why? Receptor gene causes the color green and red are in a position close to the X chromosome

4. Violence
Horrible also if a father who likes to do violence on children will decline. Aggressive behavior of boys usually derived from his father's genes. Not only do the habits of violence, but also to antisocial behavior and like to steal. This gene liked to steal more work on women.

5.Obesitas

Obesity is not always due to the environment. Many cases where people memangvsulit restrain appetite. This is because there is a gene that makes the function of anchoring the appetite is not working properly. And these genes decreased. so do not be surprised if you find one family who all overweight.

6. Heart Disease
If you have family members suffering from diabetes or stroke, may simply be suffering from heart problems. Children of parents with heart and circulatory disorders will inherit the disease. Plus heart failure patients will also lower a similar disease.

7. Twin brothers
Want to have a twin brother? Check first if there are twins in our family. Twin case was triggered by a gene that makes a mother's release multiple eggs during the evaluation. Twin offspring are not always decreasing directly to the children, grandchildren can jump into atrau cousin.

8. Pimple
Your severe acne? Kinda hard to be cured if it is both our parents acne as well. Studies mempelihatkan many school-age children also have a history of acne breakouts on his family.

9. No Doyan Milk
There are some people who can not drink animal milk with a lactose content of the substance. Indeed, their bodies unable to tolerate lactose at all. For infants, soy milk is typically provided with a low lactose content. Such conditions also are decreased in family members.

10. Baldness
While baldness is considered normal in men, it turns out it was also triggered by descent. There are genes inherited by one party or both parents who cause the children also suffer from baldness. There are also people who suffer from permanent hair loss, which certainly also caused by one type of gene.

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HISTORY OF WORLD AIDS DAY DECEMBER 1

HISTORY OF WORLD AIDS DAY DECEMBER 1, World AIDS Day was first initiated in August 1987 by James W. Bunn and Thomas Netter, two public information officer for the Global AIDS Program in the World Health Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. Bunn and Netter convey their ideas to Dr. Jonathan Mann, director of the Global AIDS Program (now known as UNAIDS). Dr. Mann liked the concept, agreed, and agreed with the recommendation that the first anniversary of World AIDS Day will be held on December 1, 1988.

HISTORY OF WORLD AIDS DAY DECEMBER 1, Bunn suggested date of December 1 to ensure coverage by the western news media, something he believes is crucial to the success of World AIDS Day. He felt that because 1988 was an election year in the United States, publishing media coverage will be exhausted by their post-election and eager to find new stories for their cover. Bunn and Netter feel that the December 1 following the election long enough and close enough to the Christmas holidays so that, in essence, that date is the date of death in the news calendar and thus the right time for World AIDS Day.

Bunn, who previously worked as a reporter who covered the epidemic to the PIX-TV in San Francisco, together with producers, Nansy Saslow, well conceived and initiated "AIDS Lifeline" ("Life Tali AIDS") - a public awareness campaign and education health that was syndicated to television stations in the U.S.. "AIDS Lifeline" acquire Peabody Award, a local Emmy, and the first National Emmy ever awarded to a local station in the U.S..

On June 18, 1986, a project "AIDS Lifeline" was awarded the "Presidential Citation for Private Sector Initiatives", which was presented by President Ronald Reagan. Bunn was then asked by Dr. Mann, on behalf of the U.S. government, to take leave of two years of reporting tasks to join Dr. Mann (a epidemolog for the Center for Disease Control) and help to create the Global AIDS Program. Bunn received it and was appointed the first Public Information Officer for the Global AIDS Pgoram. Together with Netter, he was creating, designing, and implementing the first Sednia AIDS Day commemoration - is now awareness and disease prevention initiative that lasted the longest of its kind in the history of public health.)

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS) began work in 1996, and took over the planning and promotion of World AIDS Day. Instead of focusing on a single day, creating UNAIDS World AIDS Campaign in 1997 for communication, prevention and education throughout the year.

In the first two years, the theme of World AIDS Day focuses on children and young people. These themes dikiritk sharp moment because it ignores the fact that people of any age can become infected with HIV and AIDS. But this theme draw attention to the epidemic of HIV / AIDS, to help lift the stigma surrounding the disease, and help to increase recognition of the problem as a family disease.

In 2004, World AIDS Campaign became an independent organization.

Since its establishment until 2004, UNAIDS leads the World AIDS Day campaign, choosing annual themes in consultation with organizations of other global health.

Since 2008, World AIDS Day theme selected by the Steering Committee of the Global Campaign for World AIDS Day after extensive consultation with many parties, organizations and government agencies involved in prevention and treatment of victims of HIV / AIDS. For each World AIDS Day from 2005 to 2010, the theme is "Stop AIDS, Keep the Promise", with an annual sub-themes. [3] The theme of this umbrella is designed to encourage political leaders to hold their commitment to produce the world's access to prevention, care, maintenance, and support for the victims of disease and HIV / AIDS by 2010.

Social Psychology of people with HIV/Aids

Social Psychology of people with HIV/Aids, Since the discovery of AIDS (Acquired immuno Deficiency Syndrome), and the virus that causes HIV (Human Imunodeficiency virus), appears so broad impact on society. When individuals otherwise infected with HIV, most of the shows characters psychosocial changes are: living in stress, depression, feeling a lack of social support, and behavioral changes Wolcott, et al (in the Ader, 1991) suggests that HIV-AIDS sufferers face situations where their lives often face their own condition without the support of friends and family who make an impact anxiety, depression, guilt and suicidal thoughts or behavior.

Social Psychology of people with HIV/Aids, Lack of family support have an impact on social responses (emotional) of these patients. Social responses (emotional) that can positively support the treatment process so that at least can be inhibited disease progression and life expectancy of HIV-AIDS patients is longer. But the influence of family support terhadapn social responses - emotional in patients with HIV and AIDS remains unclear.

For individuals who are HIV positive, living her life will be difficult because of the physical aspect that individual will experience changes associated with disease progression, emotional stress and psychological stress experienced due ostracized by family and friends for fear of contracting, as well as the social stigma and discrimination in the community. This has an impact on social responses (emotional) patients, as an example of the social stigma that can cause interference in other people's behavior, including avoidance of physical contact and social (Muma, 1997). They live their lives in fear danstress.

By using Psychoneuroimunology approach can be explained that the stress experienced by patients with HIV-AIDS will modulate the immune system through the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical) axis and the limbic system (which regulates emotion and learning process).

Stressful conditions will stimulate the hypothalamus to release neuropeptides that will activate the ANS (Autonomic Nerve System) and hypofise to issue corticosteroids and catecholamines which are hormones that react to stressful conditions. Elevated levels of glucocorticoids would interfere with the immune system. If the condition of stress can be controlled then the modulation of the immune system become better. Long and prolonged stress will impact on the immune system and accelerate the progression of the disease.

By looking at the relationship between stress conditions the disease progresses the need for creating a conducive environment during the treatment process that is by increasing social support in HIV-AIDS.

Social support can be very helpful after experiencing stress and it is important to reduce the psychological disorders associated with HIV-AIDS. Availability of social support that is necessary in connection with a sense of despair and depression patients. And hopefully with the support of family stress is reduced and social responses (emotional) patients would be better, where the emotional response, anxiety and social interaction becomes more positive.

Psychological impact of HIV AIDS

Psychological impact of HIV AIDS, AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is a syndrome with symptoms of opportunistic infections or certain cancers as a result of the immune system by HIV infection (Human Immunodeficiecy syndrome) which eventually will bring death in the end.

Psychological impact of HIV AIDS, In general, people do not know enough about the understanding of HIV / AIDS. Knowledge of the various factors that cause the disease of HIV / AIDS for example, people are generally less well know in detail. The public only knew the cause of the disease of HIV / AIDS, which originated from an aberrant sexual behavior.

Vocabulary or terms that people used to refer to sexual behavior is "like snack", "got saved", and sesame relationship types. Meanwhile there is also a mneyebut derived from the syringe (which is contaminated with HIV virus), and the other contracting calls from mothers who are pregnant. Theoretically there are many groups at risk for HIV / AIDS as people who work in places of entertainment, hotels, karaoke, people who often travel far, and so be among the living in localization.

Approximately 75-90% of AIDS patients had brain pathology with various neuropsychiatric syndrome, in 10% of patients with HIV infection, neuropsychiatric complications are the main symptoms. In patients with HIV infection and AIDS can be found classic psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, psychosis and others. In addition there are also the psychosocial impact can be found in patients with HIV / AIDS.

When a person is notified that testing HIV-positive, they were confronted on the fact that they were dealing with a terminal condition. This fact will bring up feelings of shock, denial, disbelief, depression, loneliness, a sense of hopelessness, sadness, anger, and fear. This can lead to anxiety and depression.

During the early years in which the symptoms have not appeared, the stress will be reduced. However, with the passage of time in which the immune function decline and start there were signs associated with HIV such as skin rashes, weight loss, shortness of breath, and so forth, anxiety and depression can arise again. Probably accompanied the idea of ​​suicide, sleep disturbances, and so on.

Patients with HIV / AIDS have special needs that need to be considered by setting goals of therapy as follows:

Help patients maintain control of his life and help them find a healthy defense mechanism, including the always positive attitude in facing so many challenges and stress in the course of their illness.

Help patients confront feelings of guilt, denial, panic, and despair.

Working with patients to create a feeling of self-respect (self respect) and resolve their conflicts, if any (eg homosexuality, drug use, and so on).

Help them communicate with family, spouse and friends about their illness and the fear of rejection and abandonment. Also help them build a satisfying interpersonal relationships.

Help them build a strategy for dealing with real crises that may occur, both in health and socioeconomic, and things in life.

Characteristics of brain cancer

characteristics of brain cancer, Before you understand more about the symptoms of brain cancer, you need to understand the structure of the human brain first. The brain is an important organ that regulates all the activities / movements of the human body. Just imagine you're on a motorcycle, how many activities you do? Looking at the road, driving, look left-right, look in the mirror, balance, not to mention while thinkers about what to eat tonight ... In one second, there riburan things happen in your brain (both of which occur consciously or unconsciously).

characteristics of brain cancer, The brain can be multitasking like this because all activities are governed by different brain parts (each part has different functions). In general, the human brain is divided into three parts, namely a large brain (cerebrum), cerebellum (cerebellum) and brain stem (brain stem). Each part is divided again into smaller sections, where each small part is divided again, and so on. Interstellar space is filled with the liquid part of the brain (cerebrospinal fluid), while the exterior is protected by three layers of the lining of the brain (meninges) and bone of the skull.

Every part of the brain can be affected by the tumor / cancer. Although benign tumors, but because of the growth in the brain, can be very dangerous. The tumor may interfere with the function and structure of the central nervous system damage, because it is located inside the cavity is limited (cranial cavity). Along with the development of these tumors, brain tissue will be more depressed. Whereas the volume of cranial cavity is very limited and unlikely to grow. This is what makes the headaches / dizziness as an initial symptom of brain cancer.

Baseline characteristics of brain cancer vary widely, depending on which part of the brain affected. For example headache or feel nauseated. Here are the symptoms of brain cancer that you should be aware of:

headache accompanied by nausea to vomiting spray
reduced visibility
impairment of consciousness or behavioral changes
speech disturbances
hearing loss
impaired walking / balance of the body
nerves
weakened limbs or seizures
in infants are usually large protruding crown

The list above is only a symptom. Even if you experience one or more of the above symptoms, not necessarily your brain cancer. To make sure, you should be examined immediately by a physician neurologist and undergo further investigation such as CT scans, MRI, angiogram, myelogram, spinal tap and biopsy.

How it Works Heart

How it Works Heart, Conceived of lifelong weight, blood will continue to circulate in the body. Blood returning from the lungs (Pulmonum) through the veins of the lungs (pulmonary) with a backup oxygen (oxygen) is updated into the foyer the left heart. When the contract left the porch, the blood is squeezed into the chamber through the mitral valve.

How it Works Heart, When the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve opening. Blood is squeezed into the aorta. Then flowed through the arteries to the entire body. Sharing the acidic substance (oxygen) to tissues.

Then the blood back into the heart. Passing the right atrium of the large veins, from the bottom of the body and the head and upper body. Blood is squeezed into the right ventricle through alveolus tricuspid. When the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve is closed. Blood is squeezed into the lung artery (pulmonary artery) through the pulmonary valve. In the lung tissue (alveoli) of blood oxygen reserves updated. To then go back to the porch behind the left through the pulmonary vessel. This process is repeated continuously with a frequency 75 times per minute.

Heart valves

Heart valves, a) pulmonary and aortic valves have a similar structure. Consisting of 3 pieces of the valve leaflets, like a fine yellowish membrane, which opens upward. This valve does not allow blood flow back.

Heart valves, b) mitral and tricuspid valve is much more complex and complicated even though they have two valves. In the mitral valve has two valve leaves. While the tricuspid valve has three cusps sheet.

c) Basis of the valve leaflets that form a ring embedded in the edge of the porch and cubicles. The tape, called chordae tendineae, tying the leaves of this valve with part of the chamber called papillary muscular. The function of the valve or valves is to keep the blood flow remains in one direction.

Circulation Lymph nodes (spleen)

Circulation Lymph nodes (spleen), Lymph vessels called lymph vessels. This vessel started of networks that collect lymph fluid from the cells networks. All the lymph fluid from the head area neck, chest, lungs, heart, and right arm were collected in lymph vessels and lymph vessels and united into united into the lymph vessels or ducts limfakus dekster kana.

Circulation Lymph nodes (spleen), These lymph vessels empty into the vein under the collarbone Right.All the lymph fluid collected from other parts of the lymphatic vessels nodes (lymph) and united into the chest lymph vessels or ducts toraksikus and empties into the veins (vein) in the bone left clavicle. This place bermuaranya chest lymph vessels kil fat or vessels, ie vessels which collect fatty acids absorbed from the intestine. Because of this fat, the lymph fluid color white. Lymph channel system is closely related to the circulatory system blood. Blood leaves the heart through the arteries (arteries) and returned through the veins (venous).

Lymph capillary network of the interstitial space contained collecting excess fluid and proteins are also filtered (Filtration) through a capillary system. Filterasi capillary is then returned to circulation systematically with vesselscollector that is located close to the vein in question.Limph nodes flowed upward through the valve in one direction through the medium offrom a combination of two dynamic effects: (1) press the power externally by muscles and arterial pulse and
(2) peristaltic intristik. Duct torasikus and dekster lymph duct empties into the vein subclavian.

Side

Side, Large stomach or abdomen (rice bag) is part of the digestive tract that blooms, located inside the abdomen slightly to the left or below diagframa, in front pancreas, while nodes attached to the left fundus. The shape, size and position depend on the shape of the body, attitude, and the degree of stretching of the stomach. Normal gastric capacity is 1-2 liters .

Side, Fundus , corpus, and pyloric stomach anatomy is three. Fundus is an enlarged section to the left and above the entrance of the esophagus into the stomach. The corpus is the central part, and the pyloric antrum is the lower part. Gastric pyloric sphincter ends with. There are two lesser curvature of the concave-shaped bottom and left boundary is the major curvature.

Both ends of the hull is protected by a sphincter that regulates the income and expenditure. Cardia sphincter or sphincter or the lower esophageal sphincter prevents backflow of substances to the preformance of the esophagus. In the area known as the pars gastric cardia. Pyloric sphincter to protect the hole between the pars pilorika stomach and first part of the intestine into the stomach. Pyloric sphincter attract attention in the clinic due to narrowing (stenosis) can occur as a complication of peptic ulcer disease. Spasm of the muscle fibers it prevents duodenal food to perfection, so that the baby vomit.

Gastric mucous layer is composed of folds called rugae longotudinal temporary, allowing the stretch. Some types of glands located in this layer are grouped according to the anatomy of the stomach where they are located. Cardia cardia glands located hole and secrete mucus. Fungdus glands and gastric glands are located in the fundus and most of the gastric corpus. Fundus gland has three major cell types, cells or cells that secrete zimogenik pepsinogen, which is converted to pepsin in an acidic environment. Parietal cells which secrete hydrochloric acid and water. Neck cells are found in the neck glands and produce gastrin. Other substances secreted in the stomach are enzymes of various electrolytes, especially sodium, potassium, and chloride. Intristik factor secreted by parietal cells. Factors intristik joined with vitamin B12, vitamin B12 is absorbed allowing the intestine, resulting in shortages intristik pernicious anemia factor.

Stomach get completely nerve supply and the autonomic nervous system. The entire blood supply of the stomach and pancreas (and liver, gallbladder, and spleen), mainly originating from the celiac artery trunk seliakus atu, which ramify branches that supply the minor and major curvature. Two branches of arteries that are important in the clinic is gastoroduodenalis and parkretikoduodenalis, which runs along the bulbos puterior duodenum. Venous blood from the stomach and duodenum, as well as originating from the pancreas, spleen and other parts of the intestine, goes to the liver via the portal vein.

cardiac function

cardiac function, Task as the heart pumps blood circulation system with two separately. A larger circulation system, covering the entire network body, so to heart that pumps blood into the arteries through the aorta

cardiac function,Being a smaller circulation system, including the circulation of blood to the lungs (Pulmonum), where exchange of blood(oxygenation). Once again the lungs back to the heart's blood clean blood is rich in oxygen (oxygen).

To then pumped by the heart to the body all. after blood nourish the tissues throughout the body, then the blood back to heart through the veins (vein), blood is oxygen poor. these blood then pumped to the lungs back to refurbished(in oxygenation).

Circulation Lymph nodes (spleen)

Circulation Lymph nodes (spleen), Lymph capillary network of the interstitial space contained collecting excess fluid and proteins are also filtered (filtration) through a capillary system.

Circulation Lymph nodes (spleen),Filtration capillary is then returned to circulation systematically with vessels collector that is located close to the vein in question.

Lymph flows upward through the valve in one direction with the mediation of a dynamic combination of two effects: (1) press the power externally by the muscles and arterial pulse and (2) peristaltic intrinsic.

Torasikus lymph ducts and duct empties into the vein dekster subclavian.

Circulatory Large (Systematic Circulation)

Circulatory Large (Systematic Circulation), Blood leaves the left heart through the aorta porch, which is the largest artery in the body. These arteries branching and smaller relay up to the arterioles. Arteries have muscular walls of the narrow channel and restrain blood flow. Its function is to maintain the pressure in the arteries and by varying the size of the channels regulate the flow of blood in the capillaries.

Circulatory Large (Systematic Circulation),Capillary walls are very thin so it can take place the exchange of substances between plasma and tissue interstitial. Then these capillaries merge to form larger vessels called veins, which later united into veins (vein), to deliver the blood back to heart. This blood through the aorta and its branches circulate throughout the body tissues except the lungs. Inside the network, it releases oxygen and blood to take the remaining substances such as carbon dioxide, urea and others, to further transported to the expenditure tool.

All veins unite and unite again to form veins, namely the inferior vena kana which collects blood from the entire body, and superior vena cava which collects from the head and upper limbs. Both of these blood vessels pour the contents into the right ventricle of the heart.

Vitamin B

Vitamin B, Vitamin B comes from legumes, grains (rice husk), dried yeast, leafy green vegetables. Liver, kidney, brain, egg yolks, milk, fish.

Vitamin B,B vitamins function as coenzymes in metabolism, especially carbohydrate metabolism. Maintaining a healthy appetite, digestion, and nerve function. Affect the absorption of fat in the intestine. Affect the condition of water in the body.

Symptoms of vitamin B deficiency that beri-beri (inflammation of the nerves, heart damage). Lack of appetite / loss, lethargy, nausea and vomiting, weak legs and hands feel weight, depression, heart disorders and abnormal gait.

When the disease is severe, widespread edema, swollen heart, the eye muscles paralyzed.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D, is made from the irradiated ergosterol. Ergosterol obtained from yeast also during the rest of the industry beer. Similarly fumarik acid production by Rhizopus nigricans was obtained byproduct that functions as the vitamin biotin. Yeast-like fungi Eremothecium riboflavin Ashby a source.

Vitamin D,This vitamin is first discovered by Mc.Collum Hesz and Sherman. They mention it as a vitamin anti rakish . This vitamin can be obtained from the liver, eggs, milk, beans, meat, fish oil, butter, yeast, bananas and egg yolks. In the body may also be formed from the pro vitamin D to vitamin D with the help of sunlight in the morning.

When the body lacks vitamin D, rickets disease will arise. In this disease there is an interruption in the adventures of the body, the bones become soft and will bend, it will be X-shaped legs occurred (kneed in) or O-shaped legs (outer bow-legged).
Vitamin D is useful for:
(A) regulate levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood of children together thyroid gland,
(B) increase the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine,
(C) the process of ossification (ossification), and (d) affect endoktrin gland.

Protein and energy relations

Protein and energy relations, but before further explanation I entrusted a link to the contest with the keyword "Indonesia", Protein and energy metabolism are closely related. protein body a constantly changing (protein turnover), as in the synthesis process of the network (the main function of the protein for growth or improvement) with speed and incredible precision.

Protein and energy relations, Turnover and speed the process of protein synthesis is inversely proportional to age. The younger the age, the synthesis process network for the more rapid growth or repair. The younger the age, the synthesis process network for the more rapid growth or repair. For this process required the adequacy of energy must always be maintained.

Nitrogen is a protein in retensi by the body that is closely related to energy. Additional energy input will increase the nitrogen balance despite a mediocre the amount of protein intake (at a minimum). With this process, protein and energy requirements for growth and maintenance were aligned.

Protein

Protein, As with energy, growth early in life requires a protein with the right proportions. In this period of rapid growth, the need for more protein calculated on each unit of energy input than the unit of weight gain.

Proteins, Protein main function is the synthesis of tissue proteins. Every structural components living cell found in muscles, nerves, bones, teeth, skin, hair, nails, blood and glands composed of proteins. Almost all body fluids contain protein but the urine and sweat. The whole enzymes and hormones containing an array of proteins, for example, thyroid hormone (tridotironin and thyroxine) and insulin.

Many of the fetus fails to grow because no enzyme deficiency or certain hormones.
The main function is to synthesize protein for building tissue (growth) and repair damaged cells. In certain circumstances the protein can be a source of energy. Each gram of protein yield 4 kcal.

Protein also as a regulator of blood pH. As a backup protein can contribute to hydrogen ions so that the blood pH is maintained between 7:35 to 7:45. The role of other proteins also regulate fluid balance in the blood. In the state of lack of blood albumin and globulin levels low as in the case of protein deficiency, osmotic pressure disturbance will occur that cause discharge from the blood into body tissues resulting in edema.

Another important role of these proteins also form antibodies that are formed from the "beta limfasites" which will form the "complex antingen antibodies" to fight infection. Specific functions of other proteins is the synthesis of vitamins and the formation of neurotransmitters.

Carbohydrate

Carbohydrate, Class of carbohydrates include: sugar, flour, and cellulose derived from plants. Carbohydrate molecule composed of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). In accordance with the complexity of the composition and amount of the molecule, carbohydrates contained in food can be divided into three groups, as follows
a. Monosaccharide (carbohydrates composed of a group of sugar.
b. Disaccharide (carbohydrates consisting of two clusters of sugar), for example: sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
c. Polysaccharides (carbohydrates composed of more than ten clusters of sugar). For example: flour (starch), cellulose, and glycogen.

Carbohydrate,Glucose, especially in the blood, it is very important to use as fuel to generate energy. Under normal circumstances, a person has 70 to 100 mg glucose per 100 ml of blood. Hiperglikimea is a condition in which blood glucose levels higher than normal, while hipoglikemia lower than normal.

Carbohydrates have several major functions that can not be replaced by other food substances. For example, brain cells and the lens of the eye and neural networks are specifically dependent on glucose as an energy source. Carbohydrates also play an important role in metabolic processes, maintain the balance of acids and bases, and formation of cell structure, tissues, and organs. Part of carbohydrates in food that can not be digested, such as cellulose provides utility-specific functionality in the body. Other special functions, such as Lactose helps the absorption of calcium. Ribose is a monosaccharide having 5 carbon atoms is an essential component in nucleic acids.

11 how to Prevent Cancer

11 how to Prevent Cancer, MANY ways to avoid cancer. In addition to a healthy diet, regular physical activity and control to the doctor is also a key.

11 how to Prevent Cancer, Here are 11 of them:
1. Eating vegetables, fruits, grains such as tempeh, tofu, and foods that contain lots of fiber. At least, one or two meals a day eating green vegetables and fruits.

2. Avoid excessive weight gain or obesity. Weigh weight once a week. Research shows, due to obesity, a greater risk of cancer, particularly breast cancer, uterus, colon, stomach, kidney, and gallbladder.

3. Reduce eating too many fried foods and those containing protein and high fat and offal.

4. Limit foods that are processed with high temperature and long time or with certain treatment that can cause procarcinogen, such as foods marinated, smoked, baked, and baked until the charcoal out. It is best boiled foods.

5. Be careful with the use of artificial sweeteners, food colorings, and preservatives are excessive. The best food is fresh food.

6. Consumption of foods containing vitamins A and C. Foods that contain lots of vitamins A and C contained in vegetables and fruits such as oranges, bananas, mangoes, papayas, tomatoes, and broccoli that can protect you from cancer esophagus, larynx, stomach, and lung.

7. Increase consumption of vegetables cabbage. Vegetables such as cabbage belonging to the cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, pok coy, and kale can protect against stomach cancer, cholesterol, and cancer of the airways. Keep food hygiene, diverse, and free from environmental contamination substances.

8. Stop smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. For those of you who smoke, whether it be cigarettes, bridge, or cigars, stop right away. Smoking is a major cause of lung cancer. Keep your children and pregnant mothers smoke cigarettes because it is very dangerous for the baby. While consumption of alcohol increases the risk of developing cancer of the mouth, throat, and larynx.

9. Physical activity by exercising regularly accompanied by mental and spiritual health is an integral part in cancer prevention.

10. Avoid sunlight. Protect your skin by wearing sunscreen cream surya.Sinar excessive sun will cause skin damage and skin cancer.

11. Consult regularly. Try to always consult on a regular basis as an initial step to detect disease as early as possible.

Muscle and Body Motion

Muscle and Body Motion, Mythology is the science which studies the muscle. Which we call the daily as "meat" is actually a collection of muscle fibers. Skeletal muscles is one network that has the ability to contract. Approximately 40% of all of our body muscles.

Muscle and Body Motion, Muscles attached to bones, cartilage (cartilage), connective joint (ligament) skin (integument). Which lies directly beneath the skin is flat, and the length of the limbs. The bones can not function as a tool of the motion if it is not driven by the muscle. Circulation or transport food substances in the intestines and blood vessels, also indirectly driven by the muscle.

Muscle fibers were essentially the muscle cells. Some files come together to form muscle or muscle meat. The central part of the meat is connect, and both ends are smaller and harder, called veins or tendons. Tendon or tendon is attached to the flesh or muscle.

The main muscle function is as a means of active motion, caused by the ability of muscle cells to contract. Muscles contract because of a stimulus, both stimuli heat, cold, and touch others. Stimulation not only one, but a number of successive stimuli. This stimulation causes muscle tension or tone. Maximum continuous tone is called tetanus. Muscles contract because of a mechanical room (massage, pull), thermic ( cold, heat), Thursday (salts, acids, bases), and electrical.

Mineral sources of Sodium in the Body

Mineral sources of Sodium in the Body, Minerals Sodium comes from salt, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk.

Mineral sources of Sodium in the Body, Functions:-Maintain fluid balance and the value osmotic (water balance outside the cells of the body), maintaining pH balance and acids, regulate the permeability of cell functions, tools and of nerve impulse transmission . Symptom poisoning will occur when excess sodium hypertension.

Deficiency disorders (deficiency), namely:
-Disorder of the heart and kidneys.
-Nausea, fatigue and muscle spasms.
-Body temperature rises
-Value decreased extracellular fluid osmotic

Water-soluble vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins, Source of vitamin C, functions, symptoms of poisoning and lack of water-soluble vitamins. Vitamin C from source: fresh vegetables, fruits (oranges, pineapple, tomato, chilli, papaya, watermelon, broccoli, strawberries.

Water-soluble vitamins, Vitamin C serves a role in the formation of collagen, maintaining the integrity (integrity) of blood vessels, aids in absorption of the elements iron and calcium. Activator of various enzymes modify proteins and fats. Important in the process of oxidation and dehydration in the cells. Keeping your teeth is strongly attached to the gums and heals wounds.

Symptoms of deficiency of vitamin C are: Damage endotil cells, capillaries become less permeable, causing bleeding, for example in bone marrow, bleeding gums. Syndrome known as scurvy, bleeding in the tissues, especially in the joints and gums. Lack of appetite / loss, lethargy, muscle and joint pain, irritability.

Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis

Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, but before further explanation I entrusted a link to the contest with the keyword "Indonesia", Osteoporosis is the loss of bone tissue resulting in deformed and brittle bones.

Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, In osteoporosis the bones literally waste away as their mineral density is gradually lost, making them increasingly weak and fragile. This is a common cause of fractures in the elderly.

Thinning of the bones leads to increased risk of fracture, particularly of the lumbar vertebrae, wrist, hip, shoulder and femur, or thigh bone. It is possible to prevent and treat osteoporosis. However, you must take action.

It is estimated that 1 in 3 women and 1 in 12 men over the age of 50 years worldwide have osteoporosis. To appreciate who is at risk of osteoporosis, consider the following factors associated with disease.

Older age Caucasian or Asian race low levels of estrogen (for women) to low testosterone levels (for men) Early menopause - before 45 years (either natural or surgical) In young women, then menstruation and menstruation has stopped for more than six family history of hip replacement month low weight and thin to build a small loss of height or stooped posture, back pain Unexplained Lack of exercise as a child now or long-term Disabled Sports excessive smoking breaks fractures Previous long-term treatment, including:

o corticosteroids
o heparin
o thyroxine
o antacids
o antibiotics and antifungal
o aspirin
o The cholesterol-lowering drugs
o ulcer drug

High alcohol intake diet low in calcium, zinc, vitamin D and magnesium high caffeine chronic diseases of the kidneys, lungs, stomach and intestines, particularly related to malabsorption conditions such as celiac disease.

What can you do to help prevent or treat osteoporosis?

Increased intake of magnesium, calcium and zinc may help prevent the worst effects of osteoporosis. It can be taken as part of a good vitamin and mineral supplements and to increase intake of foods that are high in minerals. In particular it is important to have enough zinc.

Vitamin D is essential because it helps the body absorb calcium. You may have vitamin D deficiency, possibly due to lack of sun exposure, and this should be rectified by allowing the 10 to 15 minutes of sunlight to the hands, feet or back every day, although the exact exposure requirements do vary depending on geographic latitude, darkness skin and even air quality. You must be careful never to burn. Do not take too much vitamin D. With high doses of vitamin D (10,000 to 50,000 IU daily) can be dangerous and a dose of 400 IU per day is enough to stay at home parents.

Vitamin K is as important as vitamin D for calcium absorption. Many supplements are designed to help treat osteoporosis failed to include vitamin K while others include an inappropriate form, or simply provide too little or the amount of an improperly balanced, with due regard to the total effect of the supplements.

Foods that contain boron, which reduces the body's excretion of calcium and magnesium, and increase production of estrogen, should be eaten. These foods include pears, prunes, raisins and apples.

Take plenty of antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin A (as beta carotene). Antioxidants will help to slow the degeneration. Vitamin C is also important for the absorption of minerals such as zinc.

Take essential fatty acids like Omega 3 oils to slow the loss of calcium in the urine.

Eating a diet that is low or has been eliminated dairy products and has reduced the amount of meat (once or twice per week for animal protein). Animal protein increases the rate at which calcium is pulled from the bones.

You need to cleanse your body of toxic materials so that everything, including bones and joints are able to work effectively.

Get as much weight bearing exercise as you can. Placing demands on the bone by using muscles attached to them will encourage the body to build bone rather than lose it.

Doing all the above is important. Equally important is to not do things that will undermine your positive efforts. So it is important to avoid salt, sugar and refined carbohydrates, coffee and alcohol.

Of course, if you smoke you damage your health in many ways. It is important that you stop smoking. Join a quit smoking program like Growerz.com and get support and help to quit for good.

If you have caffeine, alcohol, antacids, drugs, sugar, or processed foods will not matter how good the rest of the diet. When the pH balance of the body becomes acidic, calcium is taken from the bones to buffer this acid state, thereby weakening bones. A study at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine in La Jolla report that as little as two glasses of alcohol a day can cut the benefits of calcium in one's diet.

This brings us to the fact that you need to eat lots of calcium-rich foods such as collard and turnip greens, dried figs, spinach, kale and broccoli. You'll note that dairy products and animal proteins are not part of this list. Indeed, eating large amounts of milk and other animal proteins can destroy all other efforts and may increase loss of calcium from the bones - but how this happens is another story.

If you have osteoporosis or are at risk of osteoporosis there are many things you can do to reverse the bone loss - but you need to take action. The longer you delay in making positive changes more difficult it is to improve your health later.

Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System

One characteristic of being "human" is the transport and transport systems are present in the body, the goal is to deliver the materials needed anymore.

Whole food substances released by the transport system to all parts. In the body of a single-celled creatures such as protozoa, for example, or many-celled creature that is always a process of transportation and circulation of nutrients.

The food is transported by the ingestion of blood from the intestines into the body tissues. In addition, blood carries substances that are no longer needed by the body to the outside of the body. Hemoglobin (Hb) to carry oxygen (O2) into the tissue cells and otherwise raise the oxygen from the tissue cells.

Blood also has other functions, which keep the osmotic pressure between blood and tissue cells remained normal, keep the acid-base balance in the blood remains, regulate body temperature, and as a means of "defense" against attack or onslaught of disease.

Cardiovascular System, Blood is the main transporter in our bodies. Human blood is red, but color is not fixed. Sometimes the color crimson or pink, it depends on oxygen levels and carbon dioxide levels.

In general, the functions of blood are:

a. Transporting the food from the intestines to the network. Working as the transport system of the body and deliver all the chemicals, oxygen and nutrients needed to function normally be allowed and disposing of carbon dioxide and other waste products.

b. Cell red blood (erythrocytes) to deliver oxygen (O2) from the lungs to the tissues of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the tissues to the lungs.

c. Cell white blood (leucocytes) provides plenty of protective material and because the movement of several cell phagocytosis, it protects the body against bacterial attack.

d. Blood fluids (blood plasma) separates proteins needed for tissue formation, spreading the tissue fluid because the fluid is all body cells receive the food. And a vehicle to transport the waste material into various organs for disposal expenses.

f. Regulate acid-base balance of blood to avoid tissue damage due to the compound buffer (buffer) in the form of hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, bicarbonate, phosphate, and plasma proteins.

Protein in blood plasma consists of:

1) Antiheolik, useful to prevent anemia

2) tromboplastin, useful in the process of blood clotting

3) protrombin, plays an important role in blood clotting

4) Fibrinogen, has an important role in blood clotting

5) Albumin, useful in the maintenance of blood osmotic pressure.

6) gammaglobulin antibodies useful in the compounds.

g. Transporting the metabolism of the tissue to the tools of expenditure.

h. Transporting heat energy from the active to the inactive.

i. Circulate water through the body.

j. Hormones circulate throughout the body of the gland hormones

k. Enzymes circulate throughout the body.

l. Fight infection with antibodies and leucocytes.

Body Framework

Body Framework, but before further explanation I entrusted a link to the contest with the keyword "Indonesia", Framework (skeleton) is a series of bones that supports and protects some of the soft organs, especially in the skull and pelvis. The main function of the framework is to support, protect, give shape and some means of leverage in terms of surface movements and provide the skeletal muscles. Human skeleton found in the body, so often called a framework or endoskeleton. However, in some types of arthropods such as grasshoppers, crabs, butterflies, shrimps, skeleton outside the body, form a tough skin. Such a framework is called the exoskeleton, or exoskeletons.

Body Framework, Humans have the ability to move and migrate. Human body movements made possible by the cooperation between the bones and muscles. Muscle contraction has the power to move the bone or skin by a specific work that moves, the muscles are often called active motion devices and bone or skin are often called passive motion devices.

Framework of the human body is composed of three types of bone, ie cartilage (katilago), hard bone, and fastener joints (ligaments).

1. Cartilage (Cartilage)
Cartilage is made of solid materials, clear, white and bluish. Very strong but less than the (hard bone). Found mainly in the joints and between the two bones. At first the embryo is a cartilage bone. Then only the centers are still growing are maintained as cartilage. And when adulthood is reached, then the cartilage is only found as the cover edges tulang.Tulang cartilage contains no blood vessels but enveloped in a membrane, ie perikondrium, where the cartilage to get blood.
There are three types of cartilage that shows the special characteristics, namely: tualng hyaline cartilage, fibrous cartilage, and elastic cartilage.

a.Tulang hyaline cartilage; consists of collagen embedded in a transparent base material such as glass. Strong and elastic and cover the bones found pipe as joint cartilage. Also in rib cartilage, the nose, larynx, trachea and the bronchi to remain open. Hyaline cartilage cells is essentially organized into small groups within the matrix is ​​strong.

b.Tulang fibrous cartilage; Formed by the papers fibers with cartilage cells arranged between the beam serabutitu and found at places that require great strength, such as the pelvis and bones kneecap.

c.Tulang elastic cartilage: present in the ear, nostril and the tube Eustakhius. When pressed or bent feels supple and quickly returned to its original shape. Cartilage is not going to change into hard bone, although the man has grown.

2. Hard bone
Hard bone that we call everyday as it comes from the bone cartilage. Bones are composed of living bone cells. Antarselnya space composed of lime (calcium), phosphorus and gluten proteins.

3. Fastener joints (ligaments)
Ikat is a connective tissue joints that are still flexible (elastic). As the name implies, connective joints serves to connect two or more bones that can move, thus forming a joint and protect the joint. In general, these joint binder contained in the joint area to prevent shifting of inventory.

The bones in the body are interconnected to one another. The relationship between bones is called articulation. The formation of joint tissue can be explained as follows: First, cartilage (cartilage) in the joint area will be swollen. Both ends will be covered with a connective tissue, while maintaining the fiber network in order to both ends of the cartilage is torn. After both ends of the cartilage begins to fill the bone cells, then both diselaputi by the clay lining of the joints. This membrane produces lubricating oil such that oil is called synovial joints or oil.

MOM

MOM, Your mother's name still hearts struggling to conceive and give birth, sometimes you forbid me to act "weird" is not understandable to me. Now after you're gone I then see what you mean is good for my future. Mother curative friend of all time I trust no other than yourself, the answer is to uphold the moral and the certainty of life you apply to me, which I was experiencing now. I realized you're the one I trust, I used to get angry or pout if you advise.

MOM, But it was too late to apologize I can only pray Oh thank GOD Almighty give mothers the Islamic faith airy streets and roads of heaven thy Ya Allah. Mom, sometimes I feel alone here, my brother was like mensupportku in all things, my husband just took a step forward would understand me maybe he was just learning all the desires and wishes.

Only the mother who understands my wishes but alhamdullilah my sister knows what I want, my brother slowly understand my situation even though my brother is now busy following his own affairs with the problem..

Influenza Vaccination

Influenza Vaccination, The influenza vaccine is made each year based on WHO recommendations on the strains expected to be dominant in the coming winter hemisphere is concerned, this estimate is based global influenza surveillance followed by more than 100 laboratories around the world.

Influenza Vaccination, For the northern hemisphere, these recommendations are issued each February in anticipation of the winter end of the year. At present, since the last few years, the WHO recommends two strains of influenza virus subtype A (H1N1) and A (H3N2) and one strain of type B to be made into vaccines. Virus grown in chicken eggs, therefore it is not recommended for people with egg allergies. Influenza vaccine in the form of vaccines mati.1, 6

Configuring the vaccine antigen change every year, the vaccine is based on the prevalent strains (isolated in the previous year). There are several kinds of influenza vaccines:

1.Whole virion vaccine (from the intact virus): using whole virus particles

and have good immunogenicity, but more side effects.

2.Split virus vaccine (still contain RNA and protein M): good immunogenicity and fewer adverse effects.

3.Virus subunit vaccine (only HA and NA): few side effects, less immunogenic.

Marketed in Indonesia has been split virus vaccine because of high immunogenicity and side effects rendah.6, 10

This type of virus used in the world that A (H1N1), A (H3N2) and type B, the composition of the vaccine tailored to the characteristics of the strains that often occur, according to the report data collected by WHO.

Vaccine dose for adults is given 0.5 ml intra-muscular in the deltoid region. Because of the potential impact of influenza vaccine to health is high enough, the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and ACIP (Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices) recommends the use of influenza vaccine, especially pada11:

- Age above 65 years
- Patients with chronic illness in nursing homes or parlors with

chronic disease conditions.
- Children and adults with cardiovascular disorders or lung.
- Adults who require regular treatment or hospitalization due to

chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, kidney disorders, blood disorders
(Hemoglobinopathy), received immunosuppressant therapy, or HIV.
- Children and adolescents receiving long-term aspirin therapy and
have a risk of the syndrome.
- Pregnant women in second and third trimester influenza season.

Vaccination can reduce the morbidity of 35-60% of elderly who should enter the hospital and lower mortality by 35-80% of patients who were treated at home sakit.1, 6

Wilde JA et al, observed in 264 healthcare workers healthy people who get influenza vaccination during the winter of 92-93 years to 94-95. Obtained 88% vaccine efficacy for influenza A and influenza B 89%, was the cumulative number of fever accompanied by respiratory tract infection 28.7% in the vaccinated group, compared to 40.6% control group. Declining attendance figures, in the vaccination of 9.9% compared to the control group 21.1%. Concluded that influenza vaccine was having a fairly high effectiveness, thus supporting the data to be vaccinated berkala.11

Prevention of morbidity 12:
- Community workers (firefighters, police)
- People who are much exposed to influenza virus (school students, boarders, home care, including medical personnel)
- People who travel (tourists)
- Anyone who wants to reduce the risk of getting influenza.

Stem cells from mice

Stem cells from mice, The team of Japanese scientists have produced the sperm derived from stem cells of mice. Experiment could be a breakthrough for treating humans who experience infertility.

Stem cells from mice, Researchers at Kyoto University said that they managed to induce stem cells to create a pioneering sperm mice are transplanted into infertile male mice.

The mice then produced sperm that successfully used to fertilize eggs in a tube, known as IVF medical technology. Similarly, as quoted by the Straits Times, Sunday, 7 August 2011.

A paper published last week in the journal Cell academic said the resulting offspring through sperm will be healthy and fertile.

Mitinori Saitou, lead researcher also stated that their success can help develop a treatment of infertility in humans.

Meanwhile, outside experts are adding this group is the first step towards the treatment of infertility, although the use of the specifics are still far away.

Researchers in Japan using embryonic stem cells to develop a healthy mouse sperm that is expected in the future could help treat infertility in humans.

These findings, published in the journal Cell, marks a step forward to making use of stem cell regenerative medicine.

Stem cells are the main cells of the body and is the source of all the cells and fibers of the body. These cells can develop into various cell types and continued to proliferate.

Experts hope to use stem cells to treat various diseases and disorders such as cancer and diabetes.

scientists at Kyoto University, Japan move stem cells from mouse embryos and succeeded in turning it into early type of cells developed into the ovaries or sperm of rats.

These scientists then transplanting these cells into infertile mouse testis, which could then produce healthy sperm.

"Sperm is later removed from the testes and ovaries fertilized with (on a laboratory dish)," said senior researcher, Mitinori Saitou.

"After the insemination, we made two sets of embryos and then transferred to the uterus (womb) parent mice that gave birth to children of healthy mice with normal reproduction," says Saitou, who is an expert in anatomy and cell biology.

Used for human
Having successfully tested on mice, whether these findings could be useful to overcome the problem of human infertility?

Research has shown that scientists could use the cells that had been prepared to thrive in the sperm or ovaries.

"Now we have a lot of material to work. We can accelerate this research to the stage of studying the causes of human infertility," Saitou said.

Saitou-led team of scientists believe the same system can be done using human stem cells to generate healthy human sperm.

"We can use this knowledge to study human cells," he said.

He added that more research needs to be done because of the large differences between animal and human research.

Currently, Saitou said, the research team tried to produce ovaries mice using stem cells.

Definition of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

Definition of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Snoring is the sound vibrations that arise during sleep produced especially time breathing and is caused by the vibration of the soft palate (palate mole) and the pillars which restrict cavity oropharynx (the middle of the pharynx). Snoring indicates obstruction (blockage) in the partial upper airway, which is derived from the business channel the air to pass through the narrowed or blocked.

Definition of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Snoring can be a symptom of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) or cessation of breathing during sleep, so it can be life threatening. OSA was defined as cessation of respiratory airflow for 10 seconds-45 seconds, caused by airway obstruction. OSA is characterized by the collapse of the system & upper airway obstruction that occurred during sleep. Episodes of recurrent obstruction associated with a decrease in oxyhemoglobin saturation and Microarrousal - fragmented sleep.

Snoring and OSA encountered in adult men, adult women and children. Based on the results of studies in Indonesia, the comparison with Snoring and OSA men and women is 7: 1. The prevalence of OSA patients in the USA, for ages above 40 years was 45% men and 10-15% are women, while for ages under 40 years is 60% men, 40% women.


Pathophysiology of sleep normal
Normally occur during sleep:

Decreased pharyngeal muscle tone
Air channels narrows
Increased breathing resistance - the inspiration pressure must be increased - increased breathing effort - an increase of negative pressure intratorakal

Pathophysiology of OSA
If negative pressure is greater than intratorakal abduktor muscular strength and pharyngeal dilator:

collapse the airway is not rigid: the pharynx, and hypopharynx velofaring
occurs snoring (vibration of airway collapse)
partial or total obstruction (no air can pass through the respiratory collapse) - hipopnea & apnea.

As a result of OSA

Sleep disorders
Sleepy during the day
Morning headaches
Irritability, weakness
Work productivity is declining
Could an accident
Memory decline
Intellectual ability decreases
Sexual Problems
Depression

Know Leukemia (Blood Cancer)

Know Leukemia (Blood Cancer)
Leukemia
What is Leukemia?
Leukemia is a type of cancer affecting the bone marrow and lymphatic tissues. All cancers begin in cells that make blood and other tissues. Normally, cells grow and divide to form new cells the body needs. When cells grow old, the cells will die and new cells take their place.

Know Leukemia (Blood Cancer), But, sometimes this orderly process goes wrong, New cells form when the body does not need it, and old cells do not die like they should. This discrepancy is called leukemia, in which the bone marrow produces white blood cells are abnormal cells eventually urged other.

What Causes It?
Doctors can not always explain why one person develops leukemia, while others avoid the disease. However, we know that people with certain risk factors are more likely to develop leukemia.

The study found that people who are exposed to very high radiation and industrial chemicals (such as benzene and formaldehyde) are at greater risk of leukemia.

In addition, patients treated with drugs anti-cancer (such as alkylating substances) are sometimes exposed to leukemia a few years. And patients exposed to the virus human T-cell leukemia (HTLV-I/Human T-cell leukemia virus-I) are also susceptible to this disease. Other risk factors include people with certain genetic (eg Down syndrome) or certain blood disorders (such as myelodysplastic syndrome).

Symptom
Like all blood cells, leukemia cells flowing through the body. Depending on the number of abnormal cells and where these cells collect, patients with leukemia have a number of common symptoms include:

Fever or night sweats
Frequent infections
Feeling weak or tired
Headache
Easy bleeding and bruising (bleeding gums, purplish patches on the skin, or tiny red spots under the skin)
Pain in the bones or joints
Swelling or discomfort in the abdomen (from an enlarged spleen)
Swelling, especially in the neck or armpit
Weight loss
Diagnosis

If you have a symptom or screening result that leads to leukemia, the doctor must find out whether it originates from cancer or from other health conditions. You will be asked to undergo blood tests and diagnostic procedures:

Physical examination - the doctor will check for swelling in the lymph nodes, spleen, spleen and liver.

Blood tests - laboratory will examine the number of blood cells. Leukemia causes the number of white blood cells increased very high, and platelet count and hemoglobin in red blood cells decreases. Laboratory tests will also examine whether there is blood for signs of abnormalities in the liver and / or kidneys.

Biopsy - the doctor will remove bone marrow from the hipbone or another large bone. Pathologist will then examine the samples under a microscope to look for cancer cells. This is called a biopsy, which is the best way to find out whether there are leukemia cells in bone marrow.

Cytogenetics - laboratory will examine the chromosomes of cells from samples of peripheral blood, bone marrow, or lymph nodes.

Processus spinosus - using a long thin needle, the doctor will slowly take the cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid that fills the spaces in the brain and spinal cord). This procedure lasts about 30 minutes and is performed with local anesthesia. The patient must lie flat for several hours afterward to keep from getting a headache. The lab checks the fluid if there are leukemia cells or other signs of disease.

X-ray of the chest - X-rays can reveal signs of disease in the chest.

What treatment is offered?
Chemotherapy
Most patients with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. This type of cancer treatment uses drugs to kill leukemia cells. Depending on the type of leukemia, patients can get a single drug or combination of two or more drugs.

People with leukemia may receive chemotherapy in a variety of ways:

Orally
By injection directly into veins (or intravenous)
Through a catheter (small flexible tube) is placed inside a large vein, often in the upper chest - The nurse will inject the drug into the catheter, to avoid multiple injections. This will reduce discomfort and / or injury to the vein / skin.
By injection directly into the cerebrospinal fluid - if the pathologist finds leukemia cells in the fluid that fills the spaces in the brain and spinal cord, the doctor may order intrathecal chemotherapy. The doctor injects drugs directly into the cerebrospinal fluid. This method is used because drugs given by IV injection or by mouth often do not reach cells in the brain and spinal cord.
Biological Therapy

People with certain types of leukemia have biological therapy to boost the body's natural resistance against cancer. The therapy is administered by injection in a vein.

For patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a type of biological therapy used is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the leukemia cells. This therapy enables the immune system to kill leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. For patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, biological therapy used is a natural substance called interferon to slow the growth of leukemia cells.

Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) uses high-energy rays to kill leukemia cells. For most patients, a large machine directs radiation at the spleen, brain, or other parts of the body where leukemia cells stacked it. Some patients receive radiation that is directed to the whole body. (Total-body irradiation usually is given before a bone marrow transplant.)

Transplantation of Stem Cells (Stem Cell)
Some leukemia patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (stem cell). Stem cell transplantation allows patients treated with high doses of drugs, radiation, or both. The high doses destroy both leukemia cells of normal blood cells in the bone marrow. Then, the patient receives stem cells (stem cells) are healthy through a flexible tube placed in a large vein in the neck or chest area. Cells to grow new blood from stem cells (stem cell) transplantation outcome of this.

After stem cell transplantation (stem cell), patients usually stay in the hospital for several weeks. Health care team protects patients from infection until the stem cells (stem cell) transplant outcomes begin producing white blood cells in adequate amounts.

What kind of support is available?
CanHOPE is a supporter of the initiative ParkwayHealth team along with multi-disciplinary team of doctors that seek holistic approach to cancer care at no extra cost. The advisory running cancer counseling service through a hotline and email to provide emotional support and psycho-social to all patients and caregivers to assist them to cope effectively with cancer. Intersection face counseling services can also be arranged.

Patients, health professionals & general public can also get the latest cancer information, its related screening tests, treatment and referral to appropriate cancer services, resources for further rehabilitation and support services, advice about side effects of cancer treatment, coping strategies of cancer, the pattern eating and nutrition.

Definition of Hypothermia

Definition of Hypothermia, Too long cold, especially in windy and rainy weather, can cause the heating mechanism of the body impaired, causing chronic disease. Hypothermia is a condition where the body was very cold.

Definition of Hypothermia, After the surface of the body's heat is lost there will be a cooling in tissues and organs in the body. Cold, which for too long can cause the body frozen, can constrict blood vessels and cut off the flow of blood to the ear, nose, fingers and toes.

In severe conditions the victim may suffer from gangrene (kemuyuh) and need to be amputated. Cool air is damp with the wind blowing hard, often found the climbers when climbing the mountain. Not infrequently the storms and heavy rains accompanying the cold.

Often make clear night air gets colder and dewy. At the peak of the dry season just around the mountain peaks often arise ice crystals that stick to the leaves and flower edelweiss.

Wet clothes, wet socks increased the chill of the body. The situation will get worse if the climbers do not pay attention to the food so the body does not get the energy to heat the body.

The cold air makes flatulence often so reluctant to eat, unless it runs out of food. Hypothermia is a condition in which we experience penurunanan body core temperature (the temperature of internal organs). Hypothermia can cause swelling throughout the body (Generalized edema), the disappearance of the body's reflexes (areflexia), coma, pupil reaction to the disappearance of the eye. Known severe hypothermia when the body temperature <320C.

To measure the body temperature thermometer measures needed on hypothermia low (low reading thermometer) to 250C. Besides as a symptom, hypothermia can be an early disease that ended in death.

Tips for Asthma sufferers

Tips for Asthma sufferers, Bronchial asthma is a disease caused by increased responsiveness of the airways, to various stimuli are characterized by a narrowing of the airways accompanied by an excessive discharge of mucus from glands in the walls of the airways, causing symptoms of coughing, wheezing and tightness. Airway constriction can recover and return to normal spontaneously with or without medication.

Tips for Asthma sufferers, Asthma can not be cured, but can be controlled. Thus, people with asthma will not show symptoms, able to work or play without constrained. Obatpun usage can be minimized, never heavy attack, and no abnormalities.

The onset of asthma symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath can be caused by factors that are not specific, such as cold air, pollution, air pressure changes, psychological factors and fatigue.

Regardless of the basis of symptom onset is the narrowing of the airways (bronchi), the surface of airway swelling (edema bronchus) and excesses mucus production (hypersecretion).

Asthma symptoms are shortness of breath and recurrent cough. To determine the severity of asthma attacks, it is also important to pay attention to how often, long and how great the attack. And how long the child is free of attacks.

As for knowing the cause, note the time or the activities of the child prior to the attack. Think, for example air, cigarettes, food / beverage, dust, physical activity, infections, drugs and so forth. There should also be records, so we get a clear picture of penyebabnya.Di in the family, usually have a history of asthma or allergies.

no treatment with drugs
1. Penyaktinya education on patient about his illness so he can respond properly;
2. Avoiding the cause / trigger an attack (an allergen), and the control environment;
3. Relaxation exercises, control over emotions and do gymnastics or sports that are useful to strengthen the respiratory muscles, like swimming;
4. Physiotherapy, making the mucus easier exit.

using drugs
1. Pelonggar breath, such as salbutamol, aminophylline
2. Preserver, such as prednisone, etc. dexametason.
3. Mucus thinners, such as bromhexin, ambroxol etc..